The French Open
The Internationaux de France or tournament Roland Garros , or simply Roland Garros is a tournament of tennis on clay courts established in 1925 and held annually since 1928 in Paris , in the Roland Garros stadium . He succeeds Championnat de France created in 1891 . Organized by the French Tennis Federation (FFT), it is held on the last week of May and first week of June . It is one of the four tournaments Grand Slam , the second in the calendar after the Australian Open in January . After the Wimbledon , the last week of June and first week of July , and the US Open in August . In the world of tennis in most English-speaking , the tournament is also known as the French Open since 1968 , the first year of the open era .
The International Tennis de France is the biggest tournament of the season of tennis on clay and the only tournament of the Grand Slam still competing on the surface since the US Open abandoned in 1978 . It is considered the second most prestigious tennis 
tournament in the world after Wimbledon 2 although the tennis event benefiting the wider audience and media coverage around the world 3 , 4 . In addition, many players from regions of the world where tennis is played mostly on clay, as the Latin America and the Southern Europe , in Roland Garros are the most important event of the year. Due to the slow surface and five-set matches without tiebreak in the final round, Roland Garros is considered the tennis tournament the most difficult and physically demanding 5 .
France International championship tennis
First editions
The first edition of “France International championship Tennis” was held in Paris in 1891 . It is organized by the Union of French Societies of Athletic Sports on the courts of Racing Club de France 6 . The first tournament is played over one day, there are only five participants 6 . The Columbia H. Briggs , dismissed the French stage , wins the men’s singles tournament, played in one tournament. Three participants meet to win the first women’s tournament in 1897 6 , Adine Masson wins. In 1902 , the mixed doubles tournament is created, that of women’s doubles in 1907 . In 1912 , the World Championships on clay are created at the initiative of the manufacturer of tennis ball and patron Duane Williams . This tournament is the shadow of France championship tennis until his death in 1923 . The Tennis Championships in France are reserved, until 1924 included, for French and foreign players in French clubs licensed. The tournament is held alternately in the facilities of the Racing Club de France and the French stage until 1927 .
Beginnings of the men’s tournament
Maurice Germot .
For the second edition in 1892 , Jean Schopfer became the first French to win the championship of France. Jean Schopfer is a finalist in 1893 , losing against Laurent Riboulet . Vacherot Andre wins editions 1894 , 1895 and 1896 . From 1897 to 1900 , Paul Ayme won four times in the tournament. In 1901 , for the first edition of the XX th century, André Vacherot beats Paul Lebreton who fails a third time in the final. The brother of the quadruple winner Vacherot André, Michel Vacherot , won the tournament in 1902 against Max Decugis before it does on numerous occasions won the competition. In 1903 , Max Decugis André Vacherot dominates. The same two players are in the final the following year and the result is the same. In 1905 and 1906 , Maurice Germot dominates the competition. Decugis triumph again in 1907 , 1908 and 1909 , this latest edition is played at Bordeaux. The tournament moved to Paris in 1910. Germot get a third title in 1910 after defeating François Blanchy final. He again reached the final in 1911 but André Gobert wins the match and his first championship of France. Max Decugis won the tournament three more times in 1912 , 1913 and 1914 . It deprives André Gobert, George Gault and Jean Samazeuilh recent titles from before Denver Divorce Attorney the war.
Masson Broquedis to the first recipients
Marguerite Broquedis .
Adine Masson won in 1897, 1898 and 1899, the first three editions of the women’s singles tournament. She won the first final against P. Girod on the score 6-3, 6-1. In 1900, Hélène Prévost became the second woman to win the tournament. Girod, finalist of the first edition, won the tournament in 1901 against Leroux . Already a triple winner, Adine Masson won the tournament two more times in 1902 and 1903 against Girod and Kate Fenwick Gillou . Gillou Fenwick takes his revenge against Masson in the next edition before winning the title two more times against Y. of Pfooffel in 1905 and then against the British Veagh Mac in 1906, the first alien to reach the final. The Countess of Kermel won the 1907 tournament, beating D’Elva in the final. Kate Gillou Fenwick won his fifth and last title in 1908 against A Pean . Jeanne Matthey exceeds the record for consecutive wins of Adine Masson, who won the tournament after three editions from 1897 to 1899, winning the tournament four times between conséctivement 1909 and 1912. Double finalist in 1910 and 1911, Marguerite Broquedis takes revenge in 1913, beating Jeanne Matthey in the final, ending the winning streak of his opponent. For what will be the last edition before the war, Borquedis confirmed his victory by defeating Suzanne Lenglen , aged 14 and a half 6 , which becomes the first international tennis star after the first World War .
Transition period and domination Lenglen
Suzanne Lenglen and William “Bill” Tilden .
The France international amateur championship tennis again in 1920 . The winners of the pre-war editions are always present. In the final 1920 , André Gobert won his second title against Max Decugis in five sets. In 1921 , the American William Tilden auctions online , the world, played in Paris for the first time. It does not reach the final between John Samazeuilh the winner of the 1920 André Gobert, Samazeuilh wins the tournament. Jean Samazeuilh again reached the final in 1922 but lost against Cochet. In 1923 , François Blanchy , thirty-seven years, beating Max Decugis (forty-one years). This finish is the last of Max Decugis, the end of a period where it dominates the French tennis. The early 1920s was marked by new players. In 1924 , held the last edition of the championships of France. They are short of Racing Club de France , the Croix-Catelan hosting the last edition before the creation of the Internationaux de France. Two Musketeers reach the final, Jean Borotra beat Rene Lacoste . The disappearance of the world championships clay launches the debate on opening up to foreign players. Finally, the decision is made to open the tournament with foreign amateur players for the 1925 edition.
The early 1920s, a period of transition in the men, is dominated by Suzanne Lenglen in the women. From 1920 to 1923, Suzanne Lenglen won the tournament four times consecutively. She won the tournament for the first time, after a victory in the final against Marguerite Broquedis who beat her in 1914. During the next three years, she beat Germaine Golding , of abandonment in 1921, in straight sets in 1922 and 1923. In 1924, Suzanne Lenglen, ill with jaundice , can participate in the tournament. Vlasto Julie won the final against Jeanne Vaussard . Back in 1925, Lenglen won the tournament in 1925 and 1926 , before going professional.
The creation of the Internationaux de France
The first edition of the Internationaux de France was held on the grounds of the French stage in the park of St. Cloud in 1925. After the Four Musketeers of French tennis win the Davis Cup in 1927, it was decided to build the stadium Jewish Wedding Gifts at Roland Garros to organize revenge. The French stage gives a three-hectare site near the Porte d’Auteuil with the only condition that is known as one of its members. The name of Roland Garros is chosen by Emile Lesieur, President of the French stage, and fellow graduate of HEC of Roland Garros . Licensee French at the Stade Roland Garros had died ten years ago for France on 5 October 1918 shortly before the end of the first World War . He was an aviator famous for being the first successful aerial crossing of the Mediterranean Sea , in seven hours and 53 minutes. The stadium was inaugurated in 1928 , one can speak of “Roland Garros Tournament” until 1928.
The Four payday loan Musketeers
Rene Lacoste .
Jacques Brugnon left and Henri Cochet right.
Jean Borotra .
Henri Cochet is the first of four Musketeers to win the tournament since 1922 , some years before the impressive series of victories of France in Davis Cup . It flies in the finals, yet named Championnat de France amateur international tennis, another French, Jean Samazeuilh . In 1924 , two musketeers compete to win what is the last final of the Championnat de France amateur international tennis: Jean Borotra and Rene Lacoste , the first wins in five sets. In 1925 the International are created in France. The first eight editions were won by one of the four Musketeers. In 1925 , St. Cloud, René Lacoste takes his revenge against Jean Borotra and it dominates the final 7-5, 6-1, 6-4. Lacoste is largely defeated the following year by Henri Cochet wins his second title. After a close game, Lacoste beats the American William Tilden 6-4, 4-6, 5-7, 6-3, 11-9 in the final in 1927 . The stands, wedding ring which can then contain more than 5000 spectators are full. After four hours of play, Tilden led 9-8 and 40/15 in the fifth set. In the first match, Lacoste made a winning return. The second, Tilden believed to serve an ace when the referee of the day, Henri Cochet, shouts “absence”. Tilden, 34, is limping along. He lost the match on a double fault two plays later 7 , 8 . Following the French victory at Roland Garros, the French shackle with a success in Davis Cup against the Americans in the United States after a final victory over Johnson Cochet 9 . In 1928 , Cochet beat again Lacoste. During the next edition , Rene Lacoste beats Jean Borotra who narrowly failed to end the winning streak of Lacoste and Cochet. The 1930 edition is marked by the return in the final of William Tilden he loses this time against Cochet who won the tournament for the fourth time. In 1931 , Jean Borotra won his first Grand Slam title at Roland Garros against Christian Boussus . In 1932 , Henri Cochet won his fifth and final victory as an amateur against the Italian Giorgio Destefanis . In 1933 , the Australian John Crawford became the first foreigner to spa covers win the Internationaux de France amateur beating Henri Cochet.
New champion: Wills, Scriven, and Matthew Sperling
Helen Wills Moody in June 1929 .
For the first edition of the International Women of France, in 1925 as the men, Suzanne Lenglen continues its domination of world tennis. Beating Kathleen McKane in straight sets 6-1, 6-2, she became the first winner of the Internationaux de France. The next edition is slightly different, Lenglen dominated the competition until the last away win 6-1, 6-0 against Mary Kendall Browne . In 1927, Kornelia Bouman became the first foreigner to win the tournament since its inception in 1897. In the final she beat another foreign Bowd Irene Peacock , on the score of 6-2, 6-4. The great player of the tournament in the late 1920s is beyond dispute Helen Wills . It is the first to have successfully completed the performance to win three times the Internationaux de France. His series began in 1928 with a win against Eileen Bennett in the final. The following year, she defeated the French Simonne Mathieu , who reached his first of eight women’s singles finals of the tournament. In 1930, Helen Wills won his third consecutive consecration against Helen Hull Jacobs . The 1931 edition escapes and ends his series, Cilly custom t shirts Aussem takes advantage and beats Betty Nuthall in the final. Helen Wills wins fourth and last time the tournament in 1932 after a victory against Simone Mathieu who loses his second final. Mathieu will fail again in the final the following year against Margaret Scriven , who won the tournament again in 1934. Krahwinkel Hilde Sperling succeeded between 1936 and 1938 to equal the record of Wills beating three times Simone Mathieu in the final. Mathieu, who then lost six finals Plastic Storage Bins (1929, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936 and 1937), reached a seventh time in 1938 she won the final against Landry free ipad Nelly Adamson . That year, she made a historic treble with the women’s doubles and mixed doubles. Simone Mathieu defeats again in 1939 against Jadwiga Jedrzejowski for what will be the last finals before a pause imposed by the Second World War . Between 1933 and 1939, Simone Mathieu won the tournament six times in women’s doubles, failing only once in 1935. In 1934 and 1935, she won the tournament with Elizabeth Ryan who won the tournament two other times in women’s doubles at Roland Garros. In 1936, 1937 and 1938, she won with Billie Yorke . In 1937 and 1938, she won the mixed doubles tournament with Yvon Petra and Dragutin Mitic . At its last victory in the competition in 1939, his partner is called Jadwiga Jedrzejowski, singles finalist beaten by her doubles partner. Cup awarded to the winners of the Women’s Doubles International of France now known cutting Simone Mathieu.
Before the war
Gottfried von Cramm (left).
After the domination of the four Musketeers , Gottfried von Cramm dominates on clay at Roland Garros. The German beat John Crawford in 1934 in five sets 10 . In the final the following year , he leans against Fred Perry before beating him in 1936 10 . Germany is dominant in the mid 1940′s . After the double victory of Gottfried von Cramm, Henner Henkel is preferred to represent Germany at von Cramm is anti-Nazi, and took over in 1937 10 and won against Henry Austin ‘s first and only International victory in France. In 1938 , Donald Budge became the first player to successfully complete the Grand Slam 10 . This requires a victory to Paris against Roderick Menzel , German third final in three editions. The last edition before the war will be a victory for the American William McNeill on American Bobby Riggs .
The Second World War to the professionalism
Tournament during the war
During the war, the tournament has one of the darkest chapters in its history. In fact the stadium is requisitioned by the Vichy regime , and became one of three centers of imprisonment of opponents of Paris , with Prison Health and the Vel ‘d’Hiv . By 1941, the International Tournament in France becoming France. Only the French play these tournaments. Destremau Bernard of France won the tournament in 1941 and 1942 before going to fight on the front. Returned from the war, Yvon Petra was succeeded from 1943 to 1945. These five events are forgotten.
Post-war American victories
Tony Trabert (left).
The tournament officially took over in 1946. There is no significant foreign participation in these early post-war international. Jack Kramer , Dinny Pails and Geoff Brown prepare the final of the Davis Cup . Against all odds, Marcel Bernard , fished the last hour, surprises everyone. In the final, yet it is quickly led two sets to zero by Jaroslav Drobný , but the French finally reverses the situation and won 3-6, 2-6, 6-1, 6-4, 6-3. Already winner of the men’s doubles with Jean Borotra in 1936, he not only men’s singles tournament, he also won the double with his friend and partner, Yvon Petra . Marcel Bernard won the mixed doubles competition in 1935 and 1936 with Loleta Payot and Billie Yorke . The Hungarian Jozsef Asboth won the International Tennis de France 1947 by beating the South African STD Test Eric Sturgess . The Americans pay day loan then dominated the competition. Shortly before the present war, the best American travel in Europe after the Second World War . In 1948 , the American Frank Parker was crowned the winner. Already a finalist in 1946, Jaroslav Drobný bows again. Frank Parker wins the next edition , making a double, beating his compatriot Budge Patty . Finalist last year, Budge Patty won the tournament in 1950 after a battle in five sets against Jaroslav Drobný, which tilts the third time in the final. Drobný won the final in 1951 , ending his losing streak in the final. It dominates Erik Sturgess, already a finalist in 1947. Jaroslav Drobný done the double San Diego Homes For Rent in 1952 , beating the Australian Frank Sedgman . Ken Rosewall won the amateur tournament in 1953 before winning the tournament professional. He wins the victory against American Vic Seixas . In 1954 and 1955 , Tony Trabert won the International in France. He won the tournament for the first time against American Arthur Larsen . He beat Sven Davidson , the first in a long list of Swedes who have reached the final score of 2-6, 6-1, 6-4, 6-2. Sven Davidson loses again in the final in 1956 against Lew Hoad . Double finalist, Sven Davidson is crowned in 1957 by defeating Herbert Flam , U.S. final of last year 1950 . Australian domination is not at its peak in the late 1950s, but the Australian Mervyn Rose beats Chilean Luis Ayala in 1958 . Pietrangeli Nicola won the tournament twice in 1959 and 1960 against Ian Vermaak and Luis Ayala, who loses its final seconds, and reached the final one else in 1961 but lost against the Spaniard Manuel Santana .
The women’s tournament back in 1946 too. For the first edition of Women after the war, two Americans reached the final. Margaret Osborne and Pauline Betz clash. Margaret Osborne needed a score of 1-6, 8-6, 7-5 and became the second American after Helen Wills to win the International Tennis de France. In 1947, the situation is the same: Americans dominate the competition. Patricia Canning Todd beats Doris Hart. The French Nelly Adamson Landry won the first French victory in the women’s singles tournament after the war. Already a finalist in hcg diet plan 1938, before the Chrome Wire Shelving war, it eliminates his last opponent Shirley Fry Irvin ten years later. Nelly Adamson Landry reached the final in 1949 and faces the winner of the first edition after the war Margaret Osborne. The American dominated the French in straight sets. The four following final two Americans oppose. Doris Hart reached the finals four times consecutively in 1950, 1951, 1952 and 1953. It is necessary against Patricia Canning Todd in 1950, bowed at the next edition Shirley Fry Irvin against. The 1952 final is the final hand of the previous year, and Doris Hart wins, Shirley Fry Irvin depriving a second consecutive triumph Porte d’Auteuil. In 1953, Doris Hart is opposed to Maureen Connolly . Connolly, also Doris Hart beats American. She won the tournament again in 1954 after a final victory 6-4, 6-1 against the French Ginette Bucaille . In 1955, Britain’s Angela Mortimer ends a series of six U.S. victories. After losing the first set 6-2, it overlooks the American Head Dorothy the following two sets on a very tight score 7-5, 10-8. Winner in 1955, Mortimer won every game until the final, however, it failed to repeat its performance in 1956 and loses to the American Althea Gibson . Shirley Bloomer Brasher triumph on clay in Paris in 1957. Dorothy Head Knode lost in the final and failed again in the final after 1955. Shirley Bloomer Brasher The Columbia is once again in the finals in 1958 to defend his Relevant Life Policy title but it fails after a match in three sets against the Hungarian Zsuzsa Körmöczy . This also fails in the final the following year to defend his title, Christine Truman beats her. In 1960 and 1961, the Mexican Yola Ramírez Ochoa reached the final but failed both times, first against the American Darlene Hard against the British and Ann Haydon-Jones .
The decade Australian
Lew Hoad .
Ken Rosewall .
After the victories of Latin Nicola Pietrangeli ( 1959 , 1960 ) and Manuel Santana ( 1961 ) successor to that of the Australian Mervyn Rose , the year 1960 are outrageously dominated by the Australians. The Australian , already honored in 1956 with the coronation of Lew Hoad , becomes the first nation of tennis.
In 1962 , Rod Laver achieves a feat: winning all the Grand Slams, achieving the Grand Slam. And this feat through a victory at Roland Garros. He defeated his countryman Roy Emerson , when he was two sets to love lead. After winning the third set 6-3, he won the fourth set easily 9-7, and concluded the match with a score of 3-6, 2-6, 6-3, 9-7, 6-2. The beaten finalists Emerson did better the following year , beating the French Pierre Darmon in the final. The final 1964 martial arts denver stop the Australian series. The previous winners Manuel Santana and Nicola Pietrangeli find themselves again in the final, and Santana won his second title.
Between 1965 and 1969 , five different Australians won the International in France, and four of the five sacred against another Australian. This unchallenged domination of the International France becomes obvious in 1965 , Australia’s Fred Stolle beats the Australian Tony Roche . Finalist 1965, Roche, won the tournament the following year against the Hungarian Istvan Gulyas in three sets. Roy Emerson won his second title in 1967 against Tony Roche, who loses a second time in the final. For this latest edition amateur, the winner, Emerson, won a voucher for 900 francs to withdraw from a store. In 1968 , Ken Rosewall won the first title open . Winner on numerous occasions during professional tournaments, he shows that he is one of the best if not the best player of clay . It beats Rod Laver and got a check for 100,000 francs. Laver, won in 1968, also shows that he is a champion taking revenge against his rival Rosewall in the next edition .
In the event of single women as in men’s, Australians dominate. In 1962, Australian Margaret Smith Court won for the first time the tournament against Lesley Bowrey , also Australian, by beating in straight sets. In turn, Lesley Bowrey won his first International de France after a final victory against Ann Haydon-Jones , finalist 1961. In 1964, Maria Bueno was defeated by Margaret Smith Court, who won his second victory at Roland Garros. In 1965 Lesley Bowrey beat Margaret Smith Court. Bowrey won a second and final Grand Slam victory in Paris. Ann Haydon Jones beats Nancy Richey in 1966. The French Françoise Durr defeated Lesley Bowrey, double winner, and won the last tournament for amateurs.
Many players, officially declared professionals, were unable to attend the tournament because, before the start of the open era, the tournament is for amateurs. Among the professional players are not allowed to compete in the tournament are, in chronological order, Karel Kozeluh , William Tilden (from 1931), Hans Nusslein , Henri Cochet (from 1933), Ellsworth Vines (from 1934) , Fred Perry (from 1937), Donald Budge (from 1939), Bobby Riggs and Frank Kovacs (from 1942), Jack Kramer (from 1948), Pancho Segura (from 1948), Frank Parker (from cna certification 1950), Pancho Gonzales (from 1950), Frank Sedgman (from 1953), Tony Trabert (from 1956), Ken suspension lift kits Rosewall (from 1957), Lew Hoad (from 1958), Andres Gimeno (from 1961), Rod Laver (from 1963) and Fred Stolle (from 1963).
Between professionals is organized Internationaux de France professional tennis. From 1930 to 1968, twenty-one editions were held. The first won by Karel Kozeluh in 1930. William Tilden , Henri Cochet , Hans Nusslein and Don Budge put their name in the history before the war. After the war, Tony Trabert in 1956 and 1959 will be the only non-Australian to win a professional tournament. While the Australians dominated the amateur tournament, Ken Rosewall won the tournament from 1958 to 1966, except in 1959. Rod Laver , Rosewall defeated in the final editions in 1963, 1964, 1965 and 1966, won the last two editions of the tournament 1967 and 1968 before the creation of the open era .
Open era
The International become open
All editions from 1891 to 1967, all managed by the French Tennis Federation , the players were banned officially professionals considered traitors to the spirit of sport. At the same time they organized their own international professionals in France from 1930 to 1968 11 . After the decision to become the Wimbledon Open , Roland Garros does the same. This is the beginning of the open era .
In 1968 , the FFT is organizing the first international of France open , that is to say open to amateurs and professionals. These confirm their superiority in the first edition by monopolizing the four semifinalists places the men’s singles. Roland Garros is the first of four Grand Slam tournaments to become open .
For the first edition of the Internationaux de France open , a total of 100 000 francs in price is expected, while the total revenues of the previous year does not exceed 300,000 francs, a financial risk highlighted by opponents of ‘Open era. The 1968 edition is marked by a social and political events: May 1968 . The protests are increasing and successive nights of violence in the Latin Quarter . The organizing committee decided to keep the tournament. The news from Paris and the lack of transportation discourage foreign players to come play. There are 31 drop in the first round, and three other players prefer to go home in the second round. The final takes place between June 10 and Ken Rosewall to Rod Laver . The two Australians competing on center court archicomble. Rosewall wins the final in four sets, and makes the double by winning the men’s doubles tournament with Fred Stolle . In the women, Nancy Richey won the singles tournament after a victory in the final against Ann Haydon-Jones . Finally, the first Roland Garros open is a success for the organizers of the tournament. With 120,000 spectators, the tournament was 900,000 francs of revenue, three times more than the previous year chiropractic marketing 12 .
The following year , Rod Laver won his second title against Ken Rosewall. In this year 1969, Rod Laver won his second Grand Slam . In 1970 , January Kodeš puts an end to Australian victories by winning the cup of musketeers after a final victory in the final against the Yugoslav Zeljko Franulovic . Players from the Eastern Europe are in the table below. In 1971 , Jan Kodeš meeting one second consecutive victory against the Romanian Ilie Nastase . In 1972 , Andres Gimeno beat the French Patrick Proisy . In 1973 , Ilie Nastase won the Roland Garros tournament, beating Yugoslavia Nikki Pilic and became the first world leader of the ATP .
The first edition of the open era female was won by the American Nancy Richey against Ann Haydon-Jones . The Australian Margaret Smith Court marks the history of Roland Garros by winning the tournament two more times the tournament in 1969 and 1970 against Ann Haydon Jones and Helga Masthoff . Two Australian women reach for the first time the final of Roland Garros in 1971. Evonne Goolagong and Helen Gourlay Cawley- s’ffrontent and the first triumph. The American Billie Jean King beats Evonne Goolagong in 1972. On 21 May 1973 Margaret Smith Court won last time the women’s singles tournament against American Chris Evert .
Swedish supremacy
Guillermo Vilas
Philippe Chatrier, then president of the FFT banned from the tournament all the players who participated in the inter (American professional competition), a number of the time Jimmy Connors can not play internationals in France and so begins Swedish supremacy in 1974 , Björn Borg won his first Grand Slam at Roland Garros. When he turned 18 in the tournament, he beat the Spaniard in the final Manuel Orantes in five sets 2-6, 6-7, 6-0, 6-1, 6-1. This is the beginning of the Swedish era. He won again the following year after a final victory against Argentina’s Guillermo Vilas . It fails in 1976 against the future winner of the tournament, Italy’s Adriano Panatta , after beating the French Francois Jauffret 10-8 in the fifth set of his final eighth of 13 . This is the second defeat Borg at Roland Garros (already beaten by Panatta in 1973). Panatta won the title by defeating Harold Solomon , who defeated Raul Ramirez and Guillermo Vilas. This victory is the last and only victory male Italian at Roland Garros in the Open era. In 1977 , Guillermo Vilas beat American Brian Gottfried in leaving him only three games, which is the biggest win at Roland Garros in the Open era.
In 1978 , to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the Roland Garros stadium , a ceremony is organized to celebrate the players who made the history of the tournament. For the third time, Björn Borg wins the cup of musketeers which is given by Henri Cochet . Borg did so in 1979 , 1980 without losing a pro flight simulator set and 1981 . These four titles of rank made him one of the legends of Roland Garros.
In 1982 , another Swedish is sacred on clay in Paris: Mats Wilander . In the semifinals, when the referee gave him the victory, he chose to put the match. Then he qualified for the finals, and defeated Guillermo Vilas, who lost three of four finals he played in eight years. At the age of 17 years and 9 months, Wilander dominates the Argentine 1-6, 7-6, 6-0, 6-4 and won the first major title of his career.
The next edition , Mats Wilander reached the final, confirming his talent. Yannick Noah after defeating Ivan Lendl in the quarterfinals, dominated the French Christophe Roger-Vasselin in the semifinals to reach the final against Wilander. It takes place on 5 June 1983 to 18,000 people. Noah leads and gets a match that saves Wilander. The Swede saved another match point at 6-2 in a tie-break before handing on a service return too long 14 . Noah became the first player of color to win the tournament 14 . He was the last winner French tournament. During the tournament, Yannick Noah plays an offensive game, it is one of the last attackers winners of Roland Garros. Marcel Bernard gives him the cup of musketeers . Noah is the last player to win with a wooden racket, abandoned the following year.
In 1984 , the Czechoslovak Ivan Lendl , a finalist in the 1981 edition, won the first Grand Slam tournament on clay, beating American John McEnroe , though the latter had won the first two sets. Before the French president François Mitterrand , Lendl finally won 3-6, 2-6, 6-4, 7-5, 7-5, McEnroe inflicts on one Cell Phone Accessories of three defeats of the season and deprives of of a Grand Slam titles which always lack 15 . The final of 1984 is also the only Swedish final without the year 1980 . In doubles, the French Noah and Leconte won the tournament 16 .
Edition 1985 is marked by the return of the successor to Borg, Mats Wilander, who wins against the defending champion Ivan Lendl. Jimmy Connors fails four consecutive semi-final between 1982 and 1985. It is against another Swedish as Lendl won his second Roland Garros the following year . Mikael Pernfors fails to beat Czechoslovakia and lost in the final 17 . Ivan Lendl successful performance to win his third Grand Slam at Roland Garros in 1987 . In the final, he takes his revenge against Mats Wilander and beats. Like Lendl managed to do so in 1987, Mats Wilander won his third Internationaux de France in 1988 by defeating the last French finalist Henri Leconte . In 1989 , Michael Chang won his only title on clay in Paris after defeating a new Swedish final. After Borg, Wilander and Pernfors, Stefan Edberg is the fourth and last Swede to reach the finals of Roland Garros in fifteen years. He lost in the final against Chang who enters the tournament’s history serving spoon in the second round against the three-time winner Ivan Lendl and being the youngest winner of the tournament at Roland Garros in 17 years and three months .
Between the first victory of Bjorn Borg in 1974 and the final of Stefan Edberg in 1989, the Swedes have won nine of the sixteen tournaments played. The last three victories Mats Wilander in 1988 remains the last victory in the Swedish International de France tennis.
Domination of Chris Evert
Chris Evert is a first time finalist in 1973 , and she leans against Margaret Smith Court , who won his last title at Roland Garros. In 1974 , Chris Evert won a second victory after a final victory against Olga Morozova . The first final between Chris Evert and Martina Navrátilová took place on 2 June 1975 . After losing the first set, Chris Evert prevailed 2-6, 6-2, 6-1. Mima Jaušovec won the tournament in 1977 against Florenta Mihai and won the sum of 35,000 francs , before finally being the following year. But, she bowed 6-2, 6-2 against Virginia Ruzic in 1978. Chris Evert at the top back in 1979 . It dominates Wendy Turnbull before repeating his performance in the next edition Ruzic against Virginia. On 24 May 1982 , Martina Navratilova, beaten finalists in 1975, won his first International de France, beating Andrea Jaeger .
Evert won the tournament again in 1983 . The second duel between Navratilova and Evert takes place on 28 May 1984 . The first wins the match and the tournament . The following are two final duels between two players but they know a different fate. In 1985 , Chris Evert dominated by its rival, while unbeaten since his victory last year, and seen against the history of tennis 18 . Martina Navratilova, who has already lost three finals against Chris Evert, loses a fourth in 1987 against Criminal Defense Attorney Chicago the German Steffi Graf . The latter prevails in three sets tight and got a check for 1,085,000 francs.
Chris Evert holds the record for so simple with seven victories. However it does not participate at Roland Garros for three years (1976-1978) due to its participation in the team championships in the United States.
Modern era
Men’s tournament
Andre Agassi (top) and Jim Courier (below) to Houston in 2005.
Gustavo Kuerten in 2005.
In 1990 , Andrés Gómez became the first Ecuadorian to win the tournament by defeating Andre Agassi who fails once again against his compatriot Jim Courier in 1991 . Courier confirms its success in 1992 with a second triumph. Courier missed the third consecutive victory in 1993 against Sergi Bruguera that achieves doubled the following year. In 1995 , Michael Chang reached a second time the final on clay in Paris, after his victory in 1989 . It fails in the final against the Austrian Thomas Muster . In 1996 , Evgeny Kafelnikov became the first Russian to win the Roland Garros International.
Rafael Nadal in 2007.
The 1997 edition is the revelation of the Brazilian Gustavo Kuerten in the public eye in Paris . While it is not seeded and ranked 66 th in the ATP, “Guga” beat the two-time winner Sergi Bruguera. In 1998 , the final will be between two dipute Spaniards Carlos Moyá and Alex Corretja , the former prevailed 6-3, 7-5, 6-3. In 1999 , while his wife Steffi Graf won the tournament yesterday, Andre Agassi, however, led two sets to zero, succeeded where he failed in 1990 and 1991 he won the Grand Slam final on clay, turning a situation wrong committed against the Ukrainian Andrei Medvedev and by winning 1-6, 2-6, 6-4, 6-3, 6-4. In 2000 and 2001 , Gustavo Kuerten won the tournament.
The final of the 2002 edition is once again a final between two Spanish players: Albert Costa needed against Juan Carlos Ferrero . It does not fail against Martin Verkerk the following year . Ferrero wins against the powerful Dutch server. In 2004 , the Argentine Gaston Gaudio and Guillermo Coria argue the game hard, and needed Gaudio in five sets 0-6, 3-6, 6-4, 6-1, 8-6.
Rafael Nadal fight for the first time Roland Garros in 2005 . And for his first, he won his first title against the Argentine Mariano Puerta , the beating 6-7, 6-3, 6-1, 7-5 in the final. In 2006 , 2007 and 2008 , Rafael Nadal beat the Swiss Roger Federer , while world number one. In 2008, he inflicted a severe 6-1, 6-3, 6-0. In 2009 , Roger Federer , however, manages to win the only Grand Slam title he lacked, in defeating the surprising Swedes Robin Soderling , who defeated Rafael Nadal in the second round. In 2010 , Rafael Nadal takes his revenge by defeating Robin Soderling in straight sets in the final. In 2011, Rafael Nadal won the final against Roger Federer 7-5, 7-6, 5-7, 6-1 and directed the six-fold.
Women’s tournament
Steffi Graf in 2005
On 23 May 1988 , Germany’s Steffi Graf in history of the competition by winning a second consecutive tournament by inflicting a double bicycle wheel 6-0, 6-0 to Natasha Zvereva . The following year, Graf fails in the final against Arantxa Sánchez . In 1990, Monica Seles confronts Steffi cheap auto transport Graf in the final. Graf reached a fourth consecutive final, and as in 1989, she tilts. Monica Seles won her first Grand Slam title. She repeated in 1991 and 1992. In auctions online 1991, she defeated Arantxa Sánchez and managed the small slam . On 25 May 1992 , Monica Seles met again Steffi Graf in the final of the tournament at Roland Garros. Monica Seles has won the Australian Open that year and she dreams of a Grand Slam . After winning the first set 6-2, she lost the second 3-6. Finally, Seles won the third set 10-8 and the tournament. She is a second step towards the Grand Slam. It fails in the final of Wimbledon , as in 1991, against Steffi Graf, but gains in Flushing Meadows . attacked in Hamburg in February 1993, Monica Seles stop his career before Roland Garros. Steffi Graf has more to do battle with its main rival. Logically, it overcomes Mary Joe Fernandez in the final and earned his third title. In 1994, Mary Pierce reached the final of the tournament. She is the first French Open era to reach the final. She lost at this stage against the Spaniard Arantxa Sanchez in straight sets. Steffi Graf and Arantxa Sanchez end up the next two years in the final. Each ends with a final victory of Steffi Graf in three sets. In 1997, the Croatian Iva Majoli beats Switzerland’s Martina Hingis , yet favorite, in straight sets 6-4, 6-2. In 1998, ten years after his first victory Porte d’Auteuil, Arantxa Sánchez won the tournament for the third time, beating Monica Seles. Monica Seles makes his return to the circuit, without preparation and black dressed, she realizes his latest stunt in a Grand Slam. On 24 May 1999 , Steffi Graf won the last of his six victories at Roland Garros, twelve years after the first, against Martina Hingis who fails again to win the cup Suzanne Lenglen. Hingis, like many other great players fail at Roland Garros while dominating the tennis world and won the electronic cigarette other three Grand Slam tournaments. On 29 May 2000 , the last edition of the XX th century, Mary Pierce provides the France ‘s first title in the women’s singles tournament of the open era . She beat Conchita Martinez in the final score of 6-2, 7-5. In 2001, American Jennifer Capriati beat Belgian Kim Clijsters in the final of the tightest year 2000 . Capriati prevailed 12-10 in the third set after losing the first 1-6. The 2002 final between the first two sisters. Serena Williams and Venus Williams and the first clash wins 7-5, 6-3. The 2003 final between two Belgians Justine Henin and Kim Clijsters. Henin won the tournament for the first time. After a engagement ring final U.S. in 2002, Belgium in 2003, the 2004 final is Russian, Anastasia Myskina beat Elena Dementieva . In 2005, 2006 and 2007, Justine Henin won the tournament, respectively, against Mary Pierce, who reached the third and last time the final, Svetlana Kuznetsova and Ana Ivanovic . Justine Henin retires before the International Tennis de France 2008. Beaten the previous year, the Serbian Ana Ivanović won the Internationaux de France in 2008 after a final victory against Russian Dinara Safina in straight sets 6-4, 6-3. In 2009, Safina bows again in the final, this time to face her compatriot Svetlana Kuznetsova , a score of 6-4, 6-2. In 2010, Francesca Schiavone became the first Italian to win the Paris tournament, winning in the final against Samantha Stosur (6-4, 7-6). In 2011 Li Na became the first Chinese to win the tournament by winning Roland Garros against Francesca Schiavone (6-4, 7-6 [0]).
Staffing
The Roland Garros tournament is the grand slam with the best. The total allocation for 2011 is € 16,807,400 . Since the 2007 edition, the FFT has established parity in compensation between male and female players.
Table of allocations for 2011 (in euros)
Men’s Singles Men’s Doubles Women’s Singles Women’s Doubles Mixed Doubles
Winner 1.2 million 330 000 1.2 million 330 000 100 000
Finalist 600 000 165 000 600 000 165 000 50 000
Semi-finalist 300 000 82 500 300 000 82 500 25 000
Quarter-finalist 150 000 42 000 150 000 42 000 13 000
Round of 75 000 22 000 75 000 22 000 7000
Third Round 42 000 – 42 000 – -
Second round 25 000 12 000 25 000 12 000 -
First round 15 000 7500 15 000 7500 3500
Awards
Men’s Singles – Musketeers’ Cup
Women’s Singles – Coupe Suzanne Lenglen
Men’s Doubles – Coupe Jacques Brugnon
Women’s Doubles – Coupe Simone Mathieu
Mixed Doubles – Coupe Marcel Bernard
Boys Singles
Girls Singles
Double Boys
Double girls
Records
Record Period Player (s) Number Victorious years
Gentlemen since 1891
Largest number of titles in men’s singles Before aggressive driving 1968 Max Decugis 8 1903-1904, 1907-1909, 1912-1914
After 1967 Björn Borg
Rafael Nadal 6 1974-1975, 1978-1981
2005-2008, 2010-2011
Highest number of consecutive titles in men’s singles Before 1968 Max Decugis 3 1907-1909, 1912-1914
Frank Parker
Jaroslav Drobny
Tony Trabert
Nicola Pietrangeli 2 1948-1949
1951-1952
1954-1955
1959-1960
After 1967 Björn Borg
Rafael Nadal 4 1978-1981
2005-2008
Largest number of titles in men’s doubles Before 1968 Max Decugis 14 1902-1914, 1920
Roy Emerson 6 1960, 1962 with Neale Fraser
in 1961 with Rod Laver
in 1963 with Manuel Santana
in 1964 with Ken Fletcher
1965 with Fred Stolle
After 1967 Paul Haarhuis
Yevgeny Kafelnikov 3 1995, 1998 with Jacco Eltingh
2002 with Yevgeny Kafelnikov
1996-1997 with Daniel Vacek
2002 with Paul Haarhuis
Highest number of consecutive titles in men’s doubles Before 1968 Max Decugis 13 1902-14
Roy Emerson 6 1960-65
After 1967 Gene Mayer
Y. Kafelnikov
Daniel Vacek
J. Bjorkman
Max Mirnyi 2 1978 with Hank Pfister
1979 with Sandy Mayer
1996-97 2005-06
Greater number of mixed doubles titles – Gentlemen Before 1968 Max Decugis 7 1904-1906, 1908-1909, 1914 and 1920 with Suzanne Lenglen
After 1967 Jean-Claude Barclay 3 1968, 1971, 1973 with Francoise Durr
More tournaments (total: singles, doubles, mixed) – Gentlemen Before 1968 Max Decugis 29 1902-1920 (8 singles, 14 doubles, 7 mixed)
After 1967 Björn Borg 6 1974-1981 (six singles)
Ladies since 1897
Largest number of titles in women’s singles Before 1968: Suzanne Lenglen 6 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926
After 1967: Chris Evert 7 1974-75, 1979-80, 1983, 1985-1986
Highest number of consecutive titles in women’s singles Before 1968 Suzanne Lenglen 4 1920-23
After 1967 Monica Seles
Justine Henin 3 1990-92 2005-07
Largest number of titles in women’s doubles Before 1968 Simonne Mathieu 6 1933-34 with Elizabeth Ryan
1936-38 with Billie Yorke
1939 with Jadwiga Jedrzejowski
After 1967 / Martina Navrátilová 7 vps hosting 1975 Chris Evert
in 1982 with Anne Smith
1984-85, 1987-88 with Pam Shriver
in 1986 with Andrea Temesvár
Highest number of consecutive titles in women’s doubles Before 1968 Francoise Durr 5 1967-71
After 1967 / Martina Navrátilová Gigi Fernández
5 1984-85, 1987-88 with Pam Shriver
in 1986 with Andrea pikalaina Temesvár
1991 with Jana Novotna
1992-95 with Natasha Zvereva
Largest number of titles in mixed doubles – Women Before 1968 Suzanne Lenglen 7 1914, 1920 with Max Decugis
1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926 with Jacques Brugnon
After 1967 Francoise Durr 3 1968, 1971, 1973 with Jean-Claude Barclay
More tournaments (total: singles, doubles, mixed) – Ladies Before 1968 Suzanne Lenglen 15 1919-1926 (6 singles, 2 doubles, 7 mixed)
After 1967 / Martina Navrátilová 11 1974-1988 (two singles, 7 doubles, 2 mixed)
Various
Highest number of consecutive matches Gentlemen Rafael Nadal 31 2005-2009
Ladies: Chris Evert 28 1974, 1975, 1979, ziPhone 1980
Younger winners Gentlemen: Michael Chang 17 years and 3 months 1989
Ladies: Monica Seles 16 years and 6 months 1990
Older winners Gentlemen: Andres Gimeno 34 years and 10 months 1972
Ladies: Zsuzsa Körmöczy 33 years 1958
Non-seeded winners Gentlemen: Marcel Bernard
Mats Wilander
Gustavo Kuerten
Gaston Gaudio 1946 1982 1997 two thousand and four
Ladies: Margaret Scriven 1933
Longest Match Gentlemen: Fabrice Santoro
against Arnaud Clement
6 h 33 2004
Ladies: Virginie Buisson
against Noëlle van Lottum
4 h 07 1995
End of the game is later Gentlemen: Fabio Fognini
against Gael Monfils
21 h 57 2010
Best lap achieved by a qualified Gentlemen: Filip Dewulf Semi-final 1997
Organization
Ticket
Tickets at Roland Garros.
More than a third of the audience are dismissed from the French Tennis Federation . Licensees have access to tickets before the general public 19 . The majority of the spectators attending the event practicing tennis . The black market is quite large around the stage in spite of the control systems set up and developed. One solution is the development of electronic tickets 20 .
For the tournament at Roland Garros in 2009, the French Tennis Federation will set up a “stock exchange official notes” to fight against the black market. This arrangement will apply equally to traditional notes and e-tickets 21 .
Competition
Qualifications and invitations
Qualification in duplicate on the outside courts at Roland Garros.
The qualifications are held over four days. To get their ticket to the final table, 128 players and 96 players play the week before the fortnight of competition. Among them, there will be only twelve women and sixteen men who can face the world’s best players. Qualifying matches are played in three winning sets. We must win three games to get his right of access to the final table. Meetings are held on the outside courts ( n o 6 to 12 and 14 to 17). At the last round of qualifying matches taking place on the short n o 1 22 . The qualifications provide a dress rehearsal for the ball boys, referees, stringers, security guards and maintenance. In 2005, the website hosting qualifications have attracted 16 303 visitors 23 .
Regulation and specificity
Roland Garros is one of the major tournaments of the season, since it corresponds to the second round of Grand Slam tournaments, the most prestigious. It comes close the season on clay for the world’s best players before the start of the season on grass. Considered the most demanding tournament, including the physical, Roland Garros marks each season the advent of one of kings of the surface. The latter is almost never a fan of attacking serve and volley: John McEnroe has for example never managed to win. The last French to win the tournament is Yannick Noah in 1983.
The tournament is played on clay , winning in three sets for men – except from 1973 to 1975 when the first two rounds of the men’s singles were played in straight sets winners – and two winning sets for women, like all tournaments Grand Slam. This area known as slow and no tiebreak in the final round of meetings sometimes lead to rivers of several hours, which can end with very high scores, as during the match between Fabrice Santoro to Arnaud Clement , which ended on 25 May 2004 after 6 hours and 33 minutes of play, a score of 16-14 in the fifth inning.
The bullets are yellow since 1978, they were previously white.
The tournament at Roland Garros is the only Grand Slam not to use the system Hawk-Eye , mainly because the ball leaves a mark on clay. The arbitrator may himself verify the track down from his chair. However, it does not always and in this case, there may be dispute between John McEnroe and the referee on 31 May 1988 24 .
From 2006 , the tournament begins on Sunday. Called ” Sundy start “, it opens the fortnight of competition. In 2008, 32 first-round matches were held on Philippe-Chatrier, Suzanne-Lenglen, n o 1, n o 2, n o 3, n o 6, n o 7, n o 17. Other short remaining occupied for training players who begin their tournament on Monday or Tuesday. Meetings start at 11 o’clock in the morning and continued without interruption until dusk (approximately 9:40 p.m. at this time of year). They begin later from the semi-finals.
In 2008 , audiences were reimbursed for 50% of the ticket price if there has been less than two hours of play and 100% if there was less than an hour of play due to weather. For the first time, the organization has offered to spectators from the day of their birthday to Internationaux de France tickets to the Masters of Paris-Bercy .
Ball boys
Main article: ball boys at Roland Garros .
A ball boy during a change of ends
Selected according to specific criteria, the ball boys at Roland Garros must bring a towel to the players and give them bullets they have collected.
Anti-doping
Mariano Puerta , a finalist in 2005 , is accused of doping on auto insurance rates 6 October 2005 by the newspaper The team , which states that a positive test at the etilefrine (en) (pacemaker) was performed on the night of the finals of the tournament Roland-Garros. On 21 December 2005 , the International Tennis Federation announced the suspension of the player from competition for eight years from 5 June 2005 , is the most severe penalty ever handed down in the history of tennis scrabble word finder . Puerta also has to give up all its gains made in the tournament since losing at Roland Garros, or 456 000 USD . On 12 July 2006 , his sentence was reduced from 8 years to 2 years of suspension by the Court of Arbitration for Sport .
Sesil Karatantcheva has tested positive for nandrolone during the International Tennis de France 2005. Then fifteen years, upon conviction, after a call, a two-year suspension.
When editing in 2007 , 182 doping tests were diligent. From the quarter-finals, a systematic search of EPO from blood tests is performed. Before the quarter-final stage, the urine tests for EPO research is carried out randomly. All of these controls is tested and sent to one laboratory to Montreal .
Around the tournament
Since 1981 , are also awarded during the tournament the price Lemon , Orange , and Bud . In 2008 , after voting by SMS and Internet to the public, Roger Federer received the Orange Prize, with 33% of the vote, to Rafael Nadal (28%) and Gustavo Kuerten (22%) and Fabrice Santoro won the Prix Citron to Novak Djokovic 25 . Press awards the 2008 Bud to French Alize Cornet . Ilie Nastase was the only one who received the awards Lemon and Orange that year, and it was during the first year in 1981. Marcelo Rios wins Lemon 1996 in 1999 . Roger Federer received the Orange Prize 2005 , 2006 , 2007 and 2008 . The “Special Prize of the fair play of the decade” is awarded to Gustavo Kuerten in 2008 26 .
The Legends Trophy is a tournament between former glories of tennis. Established in 1998 on the initiative of Mansour Bahrami , it takes place during the second week of the fortnight of the Internationaux de France. Two competitions are held, one for players aged 35 to 45, the other for those over 45 years. The meetings are played twice, the best of two sets, with tiebreaker in each set and “match tie-break” in the third set, that is to say that the first two points to 10 points difference win. The winners of the 2008 edition of 35-45 years are Goran Ivanisevic and Michael Stich , while the double up of Anders Jarryd and John McEnroe won the tournament for over 45 years. Anders Jarryd is the most successful player of the Legends Trophy with six titles.
On electric cigarette the eve of the opening of the tournament is traditionally held the day of exhibition Benny Berthet , whose profits are donated to various charities. Every year since 1977, the Internationaux de France organized this charity event. In 2006, Roger Federer , Rafael Nadal , Marat Safin , Mauresmo , Gael Monfils , Richard Gasquet , Andy Murray , or Mats Wilander , Henri Leconte , Cedric Pioline had brought together more than € 241 000 27 . In 2008, organizations that have benefited from e cigarette this day are: The Paris Committee of the League against Cancer, Sidaction , Overcoming cystic fibrosis , the Wall and Tennis Day in Liberty.
Bertrand Delanoë , Mayor of Paris, and Christian Bîmes , president of the FFT, inaugurated on 4 June 2008 “Operation Roland-Garros in the city” on the front of the casino Hotel de Ville . John McEnroe , Cedric Pioline and tournament players have played exhibition matches for the Parisian public. For five days, a clay court and a mini-tennis court were available for children School Sports Centre. A giant screen broadcast of the matches in the final days of the tournament 28 .
Stade Roland Garros
Map of Roland Garros
Short
2006 final on Centre Court
Court Suzanne-Lenglen
Diagram of the short n o 1
During the weeks of competition, twenty courts of Roland Garros are used in competition. The French Tennis Federation is the lessee of the land on which place the Internationaux de France. It pays to the City of Paris for a rent concession of Roland Garros, which ends in 2015 .
The surface on which the tournament is played, the clay , the ball slows down and produces a high bounce, which implies a style of play very different from that used on the faster surfaces ( grass , DecoTurf , Rebound Ace ) used by three other Grand Slam tournaments. It is also possible to drag. This explains why some of the greatest players in history, such as Jimmy Connors , Boris Becker and Pete Sampras , who won a number of times each of the three other tournaments have always failed to win Roland Garros, not being able to achieve and never the Grand Slam . In contrast, seven of the last ten winners on clay in Paris have never been imposed in any other Grand Slam 29 .
Le court central est le court Philippe-Chatrier. Construit en 1927 pour recevoir la revanche en Coupe Davis contre les États-Unis, inauguré en 1928, le court central peut accueillir 14 840 spectateurs. Renové plusieurs fois, il est nommé court Philippe-Chatrier en 2001 en hommage à Philippe Chatrier. En 2008, à l’occasion de la destruction et reconstruction de la tribune C30, les tribunes A, B, C et D sont renommées respectivement tribunes Jacques Brugnon, Jean Borotra, René Lacoste et Henri Cochet.
The Suzanne Lenglen court , with a capacity of 9959 seats, was built in 1994 . Originally called A Court in its construction, the court is famous Suzanne Lenglen in 1997 to honor Suzanne Lenglen . Before the Tribune East stands a high-relief bronze representing the player. The Suzanne Lenglen court has the distinction of sheltering in the basement pit of water that allows the earth to maintain optimal humidity.
The third is the main short-short n o 1, which can accommodate 3518 people. It was built in 1980 to reduce the craze around the center. The winners of the championships at Roland Garros is inscribed in bronze letters on the concrete 31 . Other courts used for the competition are numbered 2-18. Other short, hard, are available for the training of players.
Project extensions are starting to see the day to locksmiths cover a larger area, currently eight hectares for Roland Garros against twenty for the US Open . The expansion project includes the construction of a new center court with a retractable roof approximately 15 000 to 16 000 seats, and two indoor courts. This expansion project is necessary, particularly to meet the new ” Caja Magica “in Madrid which is covered.
The President of the French Tennis Federation Jean Gachassin , who replaced Christian Bîmes on 8 February 2009 , spoke at his first press conference on the planned extension of Roland Garros and the construction of a second center court.
“My goal is to develop Roland Garros on all points of view and of course this requires the construction of the new stadium on the Central Hebert. I think this is essential. There is so much competition these days. The tournaments have all created their cover and we, we did not. We were at the top a few years ago, because we were the best Grand Slam tournament at all points of view, and now we’re a little late. We consider it necessary to have at any price a short cover 32 . ”
In case of new developments, these will be borne by the French Tennis Federation and performed under the technical supervision and permanent services of the city of Paris .
Place the Musketeers
Instead of the Musketeers was inaugurated on 26 May 1989 by Philippe Chatrier , then president of the French Tennis Federation . It is dedicated to four Musketeers who made the glory of French tennis dominating world tennis in the year 1920 : Jacques Brugnon , Jean Borotra , Henri Cochet and Rene Lacoste . Four statues of the Italian sculptor Vito Tongiani represent each of the four players and honor their success in Davis Cup between 1927 and 1933 , victories that allowed the construction of the Stade Roland Garros and made her world famous. In the middle of the square Plastic Storage Containers of the Musketeers, a monument honors victories in Davis Cup : six victories in the four Musketeers are added those of 1991 , 1996 and 2001 .
Statue of Jean Borotra
Statue of Jacques Brugnon
Statue of Henri Cochet
Monument in the center of the square of the Musketeers
Click on a thumbnail to enlarge
The Village
Founded in 1979 , the Village is a large exhibition space and the space of public relations at Roland Garros. To return, it is necessary to have an invitation or accreditation . Set of 19 tents with each space, a room of 50 m ² and a terrace of 25 m ², it is at the center of attention because it is the place for celebrities , and VIP . Many VIP sites have been created since the year 1980 to accommodate the expected 72 000 VIP.
“We take over from the Cannes Film Festival . ”
Dominique Baud, member of the management of the tournament 33 .
Companies can rent space in one, between 464 and 910 euros excluding taxes per person, fifteen days, 140 000-330 000 space outside catering for exposure. Public relations account, with the resulting ticket, € 34 million of 118 million euros of turnover at Roland Garros 33 .
Museum
The Tennis Museum also known as Museum of Tenniseum and Roland Garros is a museum founded in 2003 by the French Tennis Federation is the first multimedia tennis museum. Inaugurated on 25 May 2003 by Christian bimonthly, president of the FFT of 1993 to 2009 , it houses a bathroom exhibition permanent, two showrooms thematic space multimedia and media . It is open every day except Monday. In 2008 , René Lacoste , Arnulf Rainer and evolution of the stage since its inception have been subjects of exposure. The posters of the Internationaux de France from 1980 to today are exposed. the poster of the 2009, the 28 th International shows in France, was signed Konrad Klapheck 34 . The spectators at Roland Garros can enter free of June 10 to December 31 at the museum or visit the stage by showing their ticket. The museum has a website 35 where you can see what exhibitions are on display.
Economics
Economic Review
Recipes
Recipes Roland Garros (in thousands of euros) from 2000 to 2006 36
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
France international
Tickets 15 572 15 682 16 476 17 745 18 010 19 403 21 235
Promotion operations, partnerships 26 545 34 149 37 979 41 451 44 002 46 862 50 880
TV and audio visual 35 299 41 219 39 141 41 178 41 300 33 984 33 370
Auxiliary operations 4687 4924 1918 1945 3386 2417 2746
Reversal of provision 762 96 57
Total 82 103 95 974 95 514 102 319 107 460 102 762 108 288
Land of Roland Garros
Tennismuseum A 119 1114 195 305 287
The Roland Garros 105 138 132
Partnership 477 665 751
Seminars 327 633 1163
Reversal of provision 8
Total A 119 1114 1104 1741 2341
Other
Recharges and other 207 1263 4431 1426
Extraordinary income 213 410 697 658
Reversal of provisions 434 62 23 85
Shop for Roland Garros 8712 9737
Total revenues
82 958 97 709 100 784 105 602 108 464 113 215 120 366
Expenditures
Roland-Garros expenses (in thousands of euros) from 2000 to 2006 36
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Stage
Water gas and electricity 535 665 831 982
Operation 988 1211 1562 1696
Maintenance 154 82
Total 1677 1958 2393 2678
France international
Prices for players 10 176 10 690 11 857 13 512 13 728 13 983 14 724
Organization 8703 13 407 14 342 15 138 20 445 20 670 21 293
Fees and charges 2494 4447 4345 4603
Charges television 3106 3574 2955 2612 4351 4362 4380
Salaries and 7311 7198 7561
Distributed loads 2284 2225 2502
Supplies,
depreciation and other 3989 3472 2733 1885 10 806 11 013 12 269
Total 28 468 35 590 36 232 37 750 58 925 59 451 62 729
Land of Roland Garros
Tennismuseum 341 393 349 1237
- Operating costs 91 125 160 1004
- Purchase of collections 18 17 7 33
- Exhibitions A A 4 157
- Public relations and travel 19 37 81 13
- Fees 212 213 97 30
Share of water, electricity 70 71 82
Share of operating 15 16 18
Seminars 45 159 324
Total 341 393 349 1237 2212 2448 2423
Shop for Roland Garros
Total 5860 6184
Other charges
Wages 6508 7620 8343 8161
Extraordinary charges 289 306 1087 602
Supplies 51 23 232 368
Depreciation 5251 6900 9267 9812
Total charges
49 263 52 790 57 903 60 608 68 200 74 572 78 038
Carbon
According to a study published in the Journal du Dimanche on a st January 2011 , the Dakar Rally has issued 42,000 tonnes of CO2 37 . In comparison, the study conducted by the firm Espere (approved by the ADEME ), the Grand Prix F1 of Spa Francorchamps in Belgium emits 24,000, the Rugby World Cup 2007 is 570 000 tonnes, the Cup World Cup is 2.7 million tonnes, and the tournament at Roland Garros to 156,000 tonnes of CO2. The French Tennis Federation has also announced it was taking steps to improve its carbon footprint 37 .
Media Coverage
Roland Garros is distributed in the five continents with 102 channels in 198 territories. The Europe is the continent with the most diffuse the tournament with 3911 hours of television coverage devoted to the Internationaux de France 2008, following the Asia-Pacific , 1610 hours, the American , 1020 hours, and the African with 859 hours. The direct account for more than 66% of the total circulation of denver injury lawyer the tournament, the 4917 7400 broadcast hours are live, the rest is divided between deferred replay and summary 38 .
In France, the tournament was first broadcast on TF1 . Broadcast rights are transferred in 1987 to Antenne 2 and FR3 , which later became the group Bankruptcy France Televisions . It then becomes a partner of the tournament, contributing each year to modernize the event. The channel broadcasts the games live from 11:00 to 6:40 p.m. during the fortnight due to the complementarity of France 2 , France 3 and France 4 . Traditional magazines as “One day at Roland Garros,” “The Image of the Day”, “Back at Roland Garros” are broadcast late at night during the fifteen competitions broadcast 39 .
In 2006 , the Philippe Chatrier was covered by France 3 Lille with fifteen cameras , two camera lenses, a remote camera on rail and on a head remote and four cameras slowed. The Suzanne-Lenglen was covered through technical means France 3 Marseille by ten cameras with a camera lens and two cameras slowed. The short n o 1 was covered with car-regulated in Rennes France 3 by fifteen cameras and two cameras slowed. Finally, short n o 2 and 7 were covered respectively by four and five cameras, a camera and slow motion. The car-governance France 3 Lyon cover the daily issues with eleven cameras placed in the two studios interviews on the terrace and in the cabins commentators of Philippe-Chatrier and Suzanne-Lenglen 40 .
Each year the “Super Signal” program produced by the French Tennis Federation to foreign television, is taken in more than one hundred countries by broadcast partners. The microphone, Fred Stolle , Wally Masur , Kerryn Pratt, Mark Woodforde and David Basheer test comment 40 .
All these means are of the tournament at Roland Garros French sporting event the most watched worldwide, a total of 214 territories, and the only one with live coverage on network TV channels States. The agreements between the FFT and the channel NBC were extended until 2010 and ESPN2 aired over 100 hours dedicated to Roland Garros in 2006 40 .
The European Union Broadcasting owns the broadcasting rights of the Internationaux de France in the European territories outside France for the period 2008 – 2011 . The EBU has been selected for the purchase price of the rights and the guarantee of media coverage in Europe of the event. A contract of 56 million euros, 14 million euros on average per year, was signed. The warranty coverage radio from 120 to 490 hours 41 .
Sponsors
The organizers are available to sponsors of major advertising media. The main sponsors of the tournament are the BNP, official sponsor of the tournament since 1973 42 , which is visible on the canvas of the baseline and the ball boys polos, the Perrier brand whose logo is on the chairs of the arbitrators, those players and coolers, and Peugeot.
BNP Paribas is the only official sponsor of the Internationaux de France tennis. The French bank pays twenty million euros per year in the tournament. Sponsor at Roland Garros in 1973, covers are green for the colors of the BNP, like the ball boys she participates in the selection. In May 2007 the contract was extended until 2011 43 .
Perrier is “Bulle official Roland-Garros.” In 1978, the brand appears for the first time on the ice, and Perrier bottles come in the stadium. In 1989, Perrier appears on the chair umpire, and since 2000, the Perrier logo is visible on the umbrella of the players 44 . Ice cream Häagen-Dazs , coffee Nespresso and orange juice Tropicana are also present at the Internationaux de France, the three brands are official suppliers of the tournament in Paris.
Peugeot is one of the three main partners of the Internationaux de France tennis in 1984. Five years later, he became a “partner and official carrier” of the Internationaux de France. For the first year, Peugeot offers tournament one hundred vehicles with drivers and arrange transportation for players, VIPs and officials of Roland Garros. In 2007, more than 220 vehicles are available to the tournament.
Adidas is the supplier of equipment for ball boys and supervisors of staff. It is an economic partner of the tournament, with whom he is related to the sale of products derived from it. The supplier is a partner of the tournament at Roland Garros since 1973, during which the mark has financed the construction of the restaurant of the players. The contract between Roland Garros and Adidas ends in 2012 45 .
Partner of the French Tennis Federation since 1985, IBM , which is also a technology partner of the other three Grand Slam tournaments, ppi reclaim develops and manages the website of the tournament. Since 2007, Longines has replaced Rado as an official partner and timekeeper of the Internationaux de France.
In 2005, an agreement was signed between Lagardère and the French Tennis Federation. For editions 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, Lagardère, the main sponsor of the tournament at Roland Garros, pays 11 million euros in the tournament 46 . 1 Europe , a subsidiary of, benefits from this agreement, which allows it to offer its listeners coverage of the Internationaux de France 47 .
Fed Ex , the world leader in express transportation company, has partnered with the tournament since 2002 and to the International Tennis de France 2011. The partnership provides advertising space on the main courts and the provision of a private space. Fed Ex supports the transport of products of the brand Roland Garros sold on the website of that 48 , 49 .
Alain Afflelou is an official partner of the tournament since 2005. The logo of the optician is present in the stands center court. Lacoste partners with the brand Roland Garros in 2008. The crocodile has a brand online edition “Special Roland Garros” on this occasion. Adecco is an official partner of wheelchair tennis tournament at Roland Garros. Algeco up an annual television center with an area of nearly 3 000 m² and 435 m² of terraces to house journalists covering the tournament. Sagem is a partner of the tournament since 2006. Sagem mobile phones with creating the brand Roland Garros tournament at Roland Garros as the my501C Edition in 2007. Sogeres , Orange and Onet are official suppliers of the tournament.
Tecnifibre is a supplier of tennis balls, as Dunlop in the tournament and provides expertise in stringing tennis rackets.
Derivatives
Griffe Roland-Garros
Graph showing the evolution of sales of the brand Roland Garros between 1994 and 2000
The claw Roland Garros was launched in 1987 . The core values of the brand are legendary , cosmopolitan , fair play , energy , sensations , French touch, intergenerational and modernity 50 . Sponsor of Roland Garros offer products in line with the values of Roland Garros.
In 2003 , the products of the brand is present in 10,500 outlets in nearly forty countries. Distributed through a network of 60 multi-brand stores in France and Belgium , the Claw Roland Garros generated in 2004 , a turnover of 9 million euros 51 .
Among the products of the collection, there are branded products Carré Blanc , weight loss pills Lacoste , Lancel , Swatch , Alain Afflelou , Dunlop , Peugeot and Sagem .
Video Games
The first video game tournament associated with the console is out of Roland Garros 97 on PC . Prior to the 1998 and 1999 editions, the publisher GT Interactive released games Roland Garros 98 , 99 Roland Garros , always on PC. In 1999 , Roland Garros: General Open spell on Game Boy. In 2000 , Cryo Interactive publishes the play Roland Garros 2000 on PC and Game Boy . On 16 May 2001 , a new game associated with the tournament is available again, Freeze out Roland Garros in 2001 on PC and Game Boy. He leaves two weeks later on the PS1 . In 2002 , Shell develops Roland Garros 2002 coming out on PC, Game Boy Advance and PS2 . On 14 May 2003 , Wanadoo Edition publishes, as the previous year, a game developed by Shell. Roland Garros 2003 is the next installment in the series and is available on PC, Game Boy Advance, Xbox . However, the game is not a success and no play was released in 2004 . In 2005 , Namco develops Roland Garros 2005 powered by Smash Court Tennis on PS2, which is considered a re-release of Smash Court Tennis 2 .